The Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 established what?

• A. Created Bill of Rights
• B. Ended the Revolution
• C. Established a federal court system
• D. Set up state courts

Answer: (C)

The main idea here is how the national government organized its court system. The Judiciary Act of 1789 created the federal court structure that would handle cases under federal law and interpret the Constitution. It set up three levels: district courts as trial courts, circuit courts as intermediate appellate bodies, and a Supreme Court as the highest national court. It also established how federal judges would be selected and clarified which cases federal courts would hear versus those for state courts. This change was essential for putting the Constitution’s plan for a national judiciary into practice, making sure federal laws and constitutional rights could be interpreted and applied nationwide. It did not create the Bill of Rights, which comes from amendments added later; it did not end the American Revolution; and it did not establish state courts, which had existed already under colonial and state authority.